In New York the Sangers were part of a progressive circle that included journalists John Reed and Lincoln Steffens, labor leader William “Big Bill” Haywood and anarchist Emma Goldman. As someone who had been smuggling contraceptive devices into the U.S. from France since at least 1900, Goldman greatly influenced Sanger’s thinking. Sanger joined the Socialist Party and the Industrial Workers of the World, working with other radicals to support labor strikes.